Java poi 读写excel工具类

依赖

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.14</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.14</version>
</dependency>

WorkbookUtils.java

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import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DataFormatter;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Font;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.FormulaEvaluator;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.WorkbookUtil;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.IOUtils;

public class WorkbookUtils extends WorkbookUtil {
// 读取excel文件
public static Workbook readExcel(String filePath) {
Workbook wb = null;
if (filePath == null) {
return null;
}
String extString = filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf("."));
InputStream is = null;
try {
is = new FileInputStream(filePath);
if (".xls".equals(extString)) {
return wb = new HSSFWorkbook(is);
} else if (".xlsx".equals(extString)) {
return wb = new XSSFWorkbook(is);
} else {
return wb = null;
}

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(is);
}
return wb;
}

//读取单元格
public static Object getCellFormatValue(Cell cell, FormulaEvaluator formulaEvaluator) {
if (cell == null) {
return null;
}
Object cellValue = null;
// 判断cell类型
int cellType = cell.getCellType();
if (cellType == Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA) {
cellType = formulaEvaluator.evaluateFormulaCell(cell);
}
switch (cellType) {
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
cellValue = cell.getRichStringCellValue().getString();
break;
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
if (DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {// 判断cell是否为日期格式
cellValue = cell.getDateCellValue();
break;
}
DataFormatter dataFormatter = new DataFormatter();
cellValue = dataFormatter.formatCellValue(cell, formulaEvaluator);
break;
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
cellValue = cell.getBooleanCellValue();
break;
default:
cellValue = "";
}
return cellValue;
}

// 设置报表头样式
public static CellStyle createHeadSytle(Workbook workbook) {
CellStyle style1 = workbook.createCellStyle();// cell样式
// 设置单元格背景色,设置单元格背景色以下两句必须同时设置
style1.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);// 设置填充样式
style1.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.GREY_25_PERCENT.index);// 设置填充色
// 设置单元格上、下、左、右的边框线
style1.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style1.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style1.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style1.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
Font font1 = workbook.createFont();// 创建一个字体对象
font1.setBoldweight((short) 10);// 设置字体的宽度
font1.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 10);// 设置字体的高度
font1.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);// 粗体显示
style1.setFont(font1);// 设置style1的字体
// style1.setWrapText(true);// 设置自动换行
style1.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);// 设置单元格字体显示居中(左右方向)
style1.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);// 设置单元格字体显示居中(上下方向)
return style1;
}

// 设置报表体样式
public static CellStyle createCellStyle(Workbook wb) {
// 设置style1的样式,此样式运用在第二行
CellStyle style1 = wb.createCellStyle();// cell样式
// 设置单元格上、下、左、右的边框线
style1.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style1.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style1.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style1.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
// style1.setWrapText(true);// 设置自动换行
style1.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_LEFT);// 设置单元格字体显示居中(左右方向)
style1.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);// 设置单元格字体显示居中(上下方向)
return style1;
}
}

Java commons-exec 执行外部命令

Java创建子进程(Process)执行外部命令底层的方法是new ProcessBuilder().start()或Runtime.getRuntime().exec()。

Apache commons-exec对底层进行封装,提供了更加详细的设置和监控方法。

pom.xml

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-exec</artifactId>
<version>1.3</version>
</dependency>

CmdHelper.java

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import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;

import org.apache.commons.exec.CommandLine;
import org.apache.commons.exec.DefaultExecutor;
import org.apache.commons.exec.ExecuteWatchdog;
import org.apache.commons.exec.PumpStreamHandler;
import org.apache.commons.exec.ShutdownHookProcessDestroyer;

public class CmdHelper {
/**
* 执行外部命令,等待返回结果
*
* @param commandLine: 命令行
* @param out: 输出流,为空默认标准输出
* @param timeout: 超时,不大于0则不限超时
* @return CmdHandler based on DefaultExecuteResultHandler
*/
public static CmdHandler run(CommandLine commandLine, OutputStream out, long timeout) {
PumpStreamHandler pumpStreamHandler = null;
if (null == out) {
pumpStreamHandler = new PumpStreamHandler();
} else {
pumpStreamHandler = new PumpStreamHandler(out);
}

DefaultExecutor executor = new DefaultExecutor();
CmdHandler cmdHandler = new CmdHandler(executor);
executor.setStreamHandler(pumpStreamHandler);
ShutdownHookProcessDestroyer processDestroyer = new ShutdownHookProcessDestroyer();
executor.setProcessDestroyer(processDestroyer);// 随主进程退出

if (timeout <= 0) {
timeout = ExecuteWatchdog.INFINITE_TIMEOUT;
}
ExecuteWatchdog watchdog = new ExecuteWatchdog(timeout);
executor.setWatchdog(watchdog);// 控制超时

try {
executor.execute(commandLine, cmdHandler);
cmdHandler.waitFor();// 等待返回结果
} catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return cmdHandler;
}

/**
* 异步执行外部命令
*
* @param commandLine: 命令行
* @param out: 输出流,为空默认标准输出
* @param timeout: 超时,不大于0则不限超时
* @return CompletableFuture<CmdHandler>
*/
public static CompletableFuture<CmdHandler> exec(CommandLine commandLine, OutputStream out, long timeout) {
CompletableFuture<CmdHandler> cf = new CompletableFuture<>();
PumpStreamHandler pumpStreamHandler = null;
if (null == out) {
pumpStreamHandler = new PumpStreamHandler();
} else {
pumpStreamHandler = new PumpStreamHandler(out);
}

DefaultExecutor executor = new DefaultExecutor();
CmdHandler cmdHandler = new CmdHandler(executor);
cmdHandler.setCallback(() -> {
cf.complete(cmdHandler);// 执行完成后回调
});
executor.setStreamHandler(pumpStreamHandler);
ShutdownHookProcessDestroyer processDestroyer = new ShutdownHookProcessDestroyer();
executor.setProcessDestroyer(processDestroyer);// 随主进程退出

if (timeout <= 0) {
timeout = ExecuteWatchdog.INFINITE_TIMEOUT;
}
ExecuteWatchdog watchdog = new ExecuteWatchdog(timeout);
executor.setWatchdog(watchdog);// 控制超时

try {
executor.execute(commandLine, cmdHandler);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return cf;
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
CommandLine command = CommandLine.parse("ping 127.0.0.1 -t");

// 测试同步执行
CmdHandler result = CmdHelper.run(command, null, 3000);
System.out.println(result.resultString());

// 测试异步执行
CmdHelper.exec(command, null, 0).thenAccept(cmdHandler -> {
System.out.println(cmdHandler.resultString());
});
}
}

CmdHandler.java

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import org.apache.commons.exec.DefaultExecuteResultHandler;
import org.apache.commons.exec.ExecuteException;
import org.apache.commons.exec.ExecuteWatchdog;
import org.apache.commons.exec.Executor;

public class CmdHandler extends DefaultExecuteResultHandler {
Executor executor;
Runnable callback;

public CmdHandler(Executor executor) {
this.executor = executor;
}

public void setCallback(Runnable callback) {
this.callback = callback;
}

public Executor getExecutor() {
return this.executor;
}

public ExecuteWatchdog getWatchdog() {
if (this.executor == null) return null;
return this.executor.getWatchdog();
}

public String resultString() {
String retMsg = "complete";
if (this.getException() != null) {
ExecuteWatchdog watchdog = this.getWatchdog();
if (watchdog != null && watchdog.killedProcess()) {
retMsg = "timeout";
} else {
retMsg = this.getException().getMessage();
}
}
return this.getExitValue() + ":" + retMsg;
}

@Override
public void onProcessComplete(int exitValue) {
super.onProcessComplete(exitValue);
if (callback != null) {
callback.run();
}
}

@Override
public void onProcessFailed(ExecuteException e) {
super.onProcessFailed(e);
if (callback != null) {
callback.run();
}
}
}

参考

  1. https://www.cnblogs.com/kingcucumber/p/3180146.html
  2. https://www.jianshu.com/p/73aaec23009d

java微信开发常用方法

WeixinService.java

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public class WeixinSercice {
final static String URL_SNS_TOKEN = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=%s&secret=%s&code=%s&grant_type=authorization_code";
final static String URL_ACCESS_TOKEN = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=%s&secret=%s";
final static String URL_JSAPI_TICKET = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=%s&type=jsapi";

final static String URL_ORDER_QUERY = "https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/pay/orderquery";
final static String URL_UNIFIED_ORDER = "https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/pay/unifiedorder";

public static final String TRADE_TYPE_H5 = "MWEB";
public static final String TRADE_TYPE_JS = "JSAPI";

final static String KEY_SIGN = "sign";

@Value("${weixin.appid}")
private String appId;
@Value("${weixin.secret}")
private String appSecret;
@Value("${weixin.mch_id}")
private String mchId;
@Value("${weixin.mch_key}")
private String mchKey;
@Value("${weixin.notify_url}")
private String notifyUrl;

@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
OrderService orderService;
@Resource
private CacheManager cacheManager;
private static final String CACHE_NAME_WEIXIN = "myapp:weixin";
private static final String CACHE_KEY_ACCESS_TOKEN = "actoken";
private static final String CACHE_KEY_JSAPI_TICKET = "jsticket";
private Cache getCache() {
return cacheManager.getCache(CACHE_NAME_WEIXIN);
}

// 微信网页认证:通过code获取token
public WxWebToken fetchWebTokenByCode(String code) {
String url = String.format(URL_SNS_TOKEN, appId, appSecret, code);
String content = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
WxWebToken token = JSON.parse(content, WxWebToken.class);
return token;
}

// 微信JSSDK:获取指定url的config
public WxJsdkConfig genJsdkConfig(String url) {
WxJsdkConfig config = new WxJsdkConfig();
config.setAppId(appId);
config.setNonceStr(StringUtils.uuid());
config.setTimestamp(DateTimeUtils.secondsOf(LocalDateTime.now()));

String ticket = getJsapiTicket(url);
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(ticket)) {
String string = "jsapi_ticket=" + ticket +
"&noncestr=" + config.getNonceStr() +
"&timestamp=" + config.getTimestamp() +
"&url=" + url;
String signature = StringUtils.SHA1(string);

if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(signature)) {
config.setSignature(signature);
}
} else {
config.setErrcode(1);
config.setErrmsg("invalid ticket");
}
log.debug("genJsdkConfig for {} return {}", url, config.getSignature());
return config;
}

//get cached jsapi_ticket
private String getJsapiTicket(String url) {
String cacheKey = CACHE_KEY_JSAPI_TICKET+StringUtils.MD5(url);
WxJsapiTicket ticket = getCache().get(cacheKey, WxJsapiTicket.class);
if (ticket == null || ticket.getExpired()) {
ticket = fetchJsapiTicket();
if (ticket != null && !ticket.getExpired()) {
getCache().put(cacheKey, ticket);
}else {
return null;
}
} else {
log.debug("return cached {} for key {}", CACHE_NAME_WEIXIN, cacheKey);
}
return ticket.getTicket();
}

private WxJsapiTicket fetchJsapiTicket() {
String accessToken = getAccessToken();
if (StringUtils.isBlank(accessToken)) {
return null;
}

String url = String.format(URL_JSAPI_TICKET, accessToken);
String content = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
WxJsapiTicket ticket = JSON.parse(content, WxJsapiTicket.class);
if (ticket != null) {
Long expires = ticket.getExpires_in();
if (expires != null) {//把过期秒数转化为世纪秒
expires += DateTimeUtils.secondsOf(LocalDateTime.now());
}else{
expires = 0L;
}
ticket.setExpires_in(expires);
log.debug("fetchJsapiTicket return {}-{}", ticket.getErrcode(), ticket.getErrmsg());
}
return ticket;
}

// get cached access_token
private String getAccessToken() {
WxAccessToken token = getCache().get(CACHE_KEY_ACCESS_TOKEN, WxAccessToken.class);
if (token == null || token.getExpired()) {
token = fetchAccessToken();
if (token != null && !token.getExpired()) {
getCache().put(CACHE_KEY_ACCESS_TOKEN, token);
}
} else {
log.debug("return cached {} for key {}", CACHE_NAME_WEIXIN, CACHE_KEY_ACCESS_TOKEN);
}
return token.getAccess_token();
}

private WxAccessToken fetchAccessToken() {
String url = String.format(URL_ACCESS_TOKEN, appId, appSecret);
String content = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
WxAccessToken token = JSON.parse(content, WxAccessToken.class);
if (token != null) {
Long expires = token.getExpires_in();
if (expires != null) {//把过期秒数转化为世纪秒
expires += DateTimeUtils.secondsOf(LocalDateTime.now());
}else{
expires = 0L;
}
token.setExpires_in(expires);
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(token.getErrmsg())){
log.debug("fetchAccessToken return {}-{}", token.getErrcode(), token.getErrmsg());
}else{
log.debug("fetchAccessToken return {}", token.getAccess_token());
}
} else {
log.debug("fetchAccessToken return null");
}
return token;
}


//处理订单
public Order processOrder(Order order) {
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(order.getId())) {
Order dbOrder = orderService.findById(order.getId());
if (dbOrder != null && dbOrder.getStatus()>=Order.STATUS_PAYED) {
return dbOrder;//已支付
}
}
order = orderService.upsert(order);
Map<String, String> map = placeOrder(order);
if (map != null) {
String returnCode = map.get("return_code");
order.setReturnCode(returnCode);
if ("SUCCESS".equals(returnCode)) {
order.setStatus(Order.STATUS_ORDER);
}
order.setReturnMsg(map.get("return_msg"));
order.setMwebUrl(map.get("mweb_url"));
order.setPrepayId(map.get("prepay_id"));
orderService.save(order);
orderService.sendNotify(order);
if (TRADE_TYPE_JS.equals(order.getTradeType())) {
Map<String, String> signs = new TreeMap<>();
signs.put("appId", appId);
signs.put("nonceStr", StringUtils.uuid());
signs.put("package", "prepay_id="+map.get("prepay_id"));
signs.put("signType", "MD5");
signs.put("timeStamp", String.valueOf(DateTimeUtils.secondsOf(LocalDateTime.now())));
signs.put("paySign", genSign(signs));
order.setSigns(signs);
}
}
return order;
}

//下单
private Map<String, String> placeOrder(Order order) {
Map<String, String> map = null;
String tradeType = order.getTradeType();
if (TRADE_TYPE_H5.equals(tradeType)) {
map = prepareH5Order(order.getTradeNo(), order.getProductId(), order.getProductName(), order.getTotalFee(), order.getIpaddr());
}else{
map = prepareJsOrder(order.getTradeNo(), order.getProductId(), order.getProductName(), order.getTotalFee(), order.getIpaddr(), order.getOpenid());
}
HttpEntity<String> request = genXmlRequest(map);
String res = restTemplate.postForObject(URL_UNIFIED_ORDER, request, String.class);
log.debug(res);
return XmlUtils.parse(res);
}

// H5支付下单数据
private Map<String, String> prepareH5Order(String tradeNo, String productId, String productName, Long amount, String ip) {
Map<String, String> order = newOrderMap();
order.put("trade_type", TRADE_TYPE_H5);//H5支付的交易类型为MWEB
order.put("notify_url", notifyUrl);//回调地址, 不能携带参数。
order.put("scene_info", "{\"h5_info\": {\"type\":\"WAP\",\"wap_url\": \"\",\"wap_name\": \"\"}}");//用于上报支付的场景信息
order.put("spbill_create_ip", ip);//用户端IP,支持ipv4、ipv6格式
order.put("out_trade_no", tradeNo);//自定义交易单号
order.put("product_id", productId);//自定义商品
order.put("body", productName);//网页的主页title名-商品概述
order.put("fee_type", "CNY");//境内只支持CNY,默认可不传
order.put("total_fee", String.valueOf(amount));//订单总金额,单位为分
//签名
order.put(KEY_SIGN, genSign(order));
return order;
}

// JSAPI支付下单数据
private Map<String, String> prepareJsOrder(String tradeNo, String productId, String productName, Long amount, String ip, String openid) {
Map<String, String> order = newOrderMap();
order.put("trade_type", TRADE_TYPE_JS);//交易类型为JSAPI
order.put("notify_url", notifyUrl);//回调地址, 不能携带参数。
//order.put("scene_info", "{\"h5_info\": {\"type\":\"WAP\",\"wap_url\": \"\",\"wap_name\": \"\"}}");//用于上报支付的场景信息
order.put("openid", openid);
order.put("spbill_create_ip", ip);//用户端IP,支持ipv4、ipv6格式
order.put("out_trade_no", tradeNo);//自定义交易单号
order.put("product_id", productId);//自定义商品
order.put("body", productName);//网页的主页title名-商品概述
order.put("fee_type", "CNY");//境内只支持CNY,默认可不传
order.put("total_fee", String.valueOf(amount));//订单总金额,单位为分
//签名
order.put(KEY_SIGN, genSign(order));
return order;
}

// 下单数据准备:公用部分
private Map<String, String> newOrderMap() {
Map<String, String> order = new TreeMap<>();
order.put("appid", appId);
order.put("mch_id", mchId);
order.put("nonce_str", StringUtils.uuid());
return order;
}

// 构造xml request
private HttpEntity<String> genXmlRequest(Object data) {
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML);
String body = XmlUtils.stringify(data, "xml");
return new HttpEntity<String>(body, headers);
}

// 生成签名
private String genSign(Map<String, String> paramMap) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
paramMap.entrySet().stream().sorted(Map.Entry.comparingByKey()).forEach((a) -> {
if (StringUtils.isBlank(a.getKey()) || KEY_SIGN.equals(a.getKey())) {
return;
}
if (StringUtils.isBlank(a.getValue())) {
return;
}
sb.append(a.getKey()); sb.append("="); sb.append(a.getValue()); sb.append("&");
});
sb.append("key="); sb.append(mchKey);
String signStr = sb.toString();
log.debug(signStr);
return StringUtils.MD5(signStr).toUpperCase();
}

//微信支付结果回调处理
@Synchronized // TODO: 避免重入仅这样不够,还需要锁定订单记录
public String processCallback(String data) {
Map<String, String> map = XmlUtils.parse(data);
String sign = genSign(map);
if (!sign.equals(map.get(KEY_SIGN))) {
return returnCodeMsg("FAIL", "SIGNERROR");
};
String tradeNo = map.get("out_trade_no");
Order order = orderService.findByTradeNo(tradeNo);
if (order == null) {
return returnCodeMsg("FAIL", "NOTFOUND");
}
if (order.getStatus() >= Order.STATUS_PAYED) {
return returnCodeMsg("SUCCESS", "OK!");
}
String tradeType = map.get("trade_type");
long totalFee = NumberUtils.parse(map.get("total_fee"), Long.class, 0L);
if (totalFee != order.getTotalFee() || !StringUtils.equals(tradeType, order.getTradeType())) {
return returnCodeMsg("FAIL", "TRADEINFOERROR");
}

order.setTransactionId(map.get("transaction_id"));
order.setReturnCode(map.get("return_code"));
order.setResultCode(map.get("result_code"));
order.setBankType(map.get("bank_type"));
order.setTimeEnd(map.get("time_end"));
order.setStatus(Order.STATUS_PAYED);
orderService.save(order);

return returnCodeMsg("SUCCESS", "OK");
}

private String returnCodeMsg(String code, String msg) {
return String.format("<xml><return_code><![CDATA[%s]]></return_code><return_msg><![CDATA[%s]]></return_msg></xml>", code, msg);
}

}

## WxResponse.java
```java
@Data
public class WxResponse implements Serializable {
private Integer errcode;
private String errmsg;
}

WxResexpire.java

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@Data
public class WxResexpire extends WxResponse implements Serializable {
Long expires_in;
public Boolean getExpired() {
return expires_in == null || expires_in <= DateTimeUtils.secondsOf(LocalDateTime.now());
}
}

WxAccessToken.java

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@Data
public class WxAccessToken extends WxResexpire implements Serializable {
String access_token;
}

WxWebToken.java

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@Data
public class WxWebToken extends WxAccessToken implements Serializable {
String refresh_token;
String openid;
String scope;
}

WxJsapiTicket.java

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@Data
public class WxJsapiTicket extends WxResexpire implements Serializable {
String ticket;
}

WxJsdkConfig.java

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@Data
@JsonInclude(value = Include.NON_NULL)
public class WxJsdkConfig extends WxResponse implements Serializable {
String appId;
Long timestamp;
String nonceStr;
String signature;
}

Spring boot thymeleaf使用外置template和static路径

Spring boot开发的web项目打jar包部署时,如果希望template模板及static文件(js/css/img等)能单独更新,可以用下面的方法把它们从jar包分离出来。

工程目录结构调整

把static和template移到resources之外,比如和java目录平级。

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├─src
│ ├─main
│ │ ├─java
│ │ ├─resources
│ │ │ └─application.properties
│ │ ├─static
│ │ └─templates
│ └─test

在 application.properties 分别指定static和template的位置

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spring.mvc.static-path-pattern=/static/**
spring.resources.static-locations=file:/pathto/yourproject/src/main/static/
spring.thymeleaf.prefix=file:/pathto/yourproject/src/main/templates/
#spring.thymeleaf.cache=false

html模板里引用static文件的方式

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<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/static/subpath/afile.css}" />
<script th:src="@{/static/subpath/afile.js}"></script>
<img th:src="@{/static/subpath/afile.png}"/>

注:link favicon不知为何不能加static:(

把static和template合并,方便一起编辑

实践中发现,html模板和对应的静态文件(js,css,images等)分开在两处不方便编辑。尝试把他们合并到同一个文件夹下。首先只要修改下面两个配置都指向一个地方(比如webroot):

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spring.resources.static-locations=file:/pathto/yourproject/src/main/webroot/
spring.thymeleaf.prefix=file:/pathto/yourproject/src/main/webroot/

只是这样会导致html模板也可以被用户直接访问,不太安全。需要调整一下security配置:

  • 配置方法configure(WebSecurity webSecurity) :
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    // 忽略静态资源改为只忽略特定类型的静态资源,目的是不忽略*.html模板
    //webSecurity.ignoring().antMatchers("/static/**");
    webSecurity.ignoring().antMatchers("/static/**/*.js");
    webSecurity.ignoring().antMatchers("/static/**/*.css");
    webSecurity.ignoring().antMatchers("/static/**/*.jpg");
    webSecurity.ignoring().antMatchers("/static/**/*.png");
  • 配置方法configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity):
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    httpSecurity.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/static/**/*.html").denyAll()

Spring boot 处理 error

参考: https://www.cnblogs.com/hyl8218/p/10754894.html
Spring boot 处理 error 的基本流程:
Controller -> 发生错误 -> BasicErrorController -> 根据 @RequestMapping(produces) 判断调用 errorHtml 或者 error 方法,然后:
errorHtml -> getErrorAttributes -> ErrorViewResolver -> 错误显示页面
error -> getErrorAttributes -> @ResponseBody (直接返回JSON)

附:为静态文件加md5(避免浏览器缓存旧文件)

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spring.resources.chain.strategy.content.enabled=true
spring.resources.chain.strategy.content.paths=/**

附一:content-path 相关处理

配置项

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后端获取basePath

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public static String getWebBasePath() {
RequestAttributes requestAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
if (requestAttributes == null) return null;//防止意外
HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes) requestAttributes).getResponse();
if (request == null) return null;//防止意外
return String.format("%s://%s:%s%s/", request.getScheme(), request.getServerName(), request.getServerPort(), request.getContextPath());
}

在js里获取contentPath

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<script th:inline="javascript">
var contextPath = /*[[${#request.contextPath}]]*/'';
</script>

注:在html模板里使用th:href或th:src时带”@”符号会自动处理contentPath

附二:为thymeleaf模板设置全局静态变量

以配置第三方库路径为例

配置项

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basepath.lib=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/

配置 ThymeleafViewResolver

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@Resource
private Environment env; //环境变量

@Resource
private void configureThymeleafStaticVars(ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver) {
if(viewResolver != null) {
Map<String, Object> vars = new HashMap<>();
vars.put("libBasePath", env.getProperty("basepath.lib"));//静态库配置
viewResolver.setStaticVariables(vars);
}
}

使用libBasePath引入第三方库(比如vue.js)

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<script th:src="${libBasePath}+'libs/vue/2.6.10/vue.js'"></script>

附三:html模板共用head

common.html 里定义公用head

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head th:fragment="head">
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"/>
<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" th:href="@{/favicon.ico}">
<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="${libBasePath}+'libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css'"/>
<script th:src="${libBasePath}+'libs/vue/2.6.10/vue.js'"></script>
<link th:href="@{/static/base.css}" rel="stylesheet"/>
<script th:src="@{/static/base.js}"></script>
<script th:inline="javascript">var contentPath = /*[[${#request.contextPath}]]*/'';</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
<html>

index.html 里引用common::head

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<title>我的页面</title>
<th:block th:include="common::head"></th:block>
<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/static/index.css}" />
</head>
<body>
<script th:inline="javascript">
var varForJs = /*[[${varForJs}]]*/{};
</script>
<script th:src="@{/static/index.js}"></script>
<body>
</html>

附四:使用thymeleaf简单制作vue组件

用tab-bar做例子

tabar.html

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<body>
<th:block th:fragment="tabar">
<script type="text/x-template" id="tabar-tpl">
<div class="nav nav-tabs">
<a class="nav-item nav-link" href="#"
v-for="(tabName,tabKey) in tabs" v-show="!!tabName"
:class="{active: active == tabKey}"
@click="onClick(tabKey, tabName)">{{tabName}}</a>
<slot></slot>
</div>
</script>
<script th:inline="javascript">
Vue.component('tabar', {
template: '#tabar-tpl',
props:{
tabs: [Object, Array],
active: [String, Number],
},
data() {
return {}
},
methods: {
onClick(tabKey, tabName){
this.$emit('click-tab', {key: tabKey, name: tabName})
},
}
});
</script>
</th:block>
</body>
</html>

引入和使用

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<head>
<th:block th:include="tabar::tabar"></th:block>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root">
<tabar :tabs="tabs" :active="activeTab" @click-tab="activeTab=$event.key"></tabar>
</div>
</body>
<script>
new Vue({
el: '#root',
data: {
tabs: {a:'Tab A', b:'Tab B'},
activeTab: 'a',
},
methods: {
},
});
</script>

Java转码服务

记录用java实现转码服务的核心代码。功能包括:把视频转为mp4、把文档转为pdf、生成视频和文档的缩略图等。

ConvertService.java

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import java.time.Instant;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import lombok.Synchronized;

@Service
public class ConvertService {
@Autowired
ConvertConfig convertConfig;
@Autowired
ConvertTaskDao convertTaskDao;
@Autowired
ConvertHelper convertHelper;
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;

private static Thread convertThread = null;
private static Thread notifyThread = null;
private static ConcurrentLinkedQueue<ConvertTask> queueTasks = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
private static ConcurrentHashMap<String, ConvertTask> convertingTasks = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private static ConcurrentLinkedQueue<ConvertTask> notifyTasks = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();

@Synchronized
public ConvertTask addTask(ConvertTask task) {
ConvertTask save = convertTaskDao.save(task);
queueTasks.add(save);
startConvert();
return task;
}

@Synchronized
private int doConvert() {
if (convertingTasks.size() >= 4) {
return 1;
}
ConvertTask task = queueTasks.poll();
if (task == null) {
return 10;
}
try {
if (convertingTasks.containsKey(task.getSrc())) {//重复
task.setStatus(ConvertTask.STATUS_IGNORE);
convertTaskDao.save(task);
return 0;
}
convertingTasks.put(task.getSrc(), task);
task.setStatus(ConvertTask.STATUS_START);
task.setStartAt(Instant.now());
convertTaskDao.save(task);

CompletableFuture<ConvertTask> process = convertHelper.process(task);
process.thenAccept((retTask) -> {
retTask.setStatus(ConvertTask.STATUS_FINISH);
retTask.setEndAt(Instant.now());
convertTaskDao.save(retTask);
convertingTasks.remove(task.getSrc());
notifyTasks.add(retTask);
startNotify();
System.out.println(retTask);
});
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return 0;
}

@Synchronized
private int doNotify() {
ConvertTask task = notifyTasks.poll();
if (task == null) {
return 10;
}
int sleep = 0;
try {
ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity(convertConfig.getNotify(), task, String.class);
String success = response.getBody();
System.out.println(success);
if (!StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty(success) && success.contains("success")) {
task.setStatus(ConvertTask.STATUS_NOTIFIED);
task.setNotify(LocalDateTime.now()+","+success);
} else {
task.setNotify(LocalDateTime.now()+",empty");
notifyTasks.add(task);
sleep = 1;
}
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
task.setNotify(LocalDateTime.now()+","+e.getMessage());
notifyTasks.add(task);
sleep = 2;
}
convertTaskDao.save(task);
return sleep;
}

public void startConvert() {
if (convertThread != null) {
convertThread.interrupt();
return;
}
convertThread = new Thread(() -> {
while (convertThread == Thread.currentThread()) {
System.out.println("Convert "+convertThread + " running at " + LocalDateTime.now());
int sleep = doConvert();
try {
Thread.sleep(sleep*1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Convert "+Thread.currentThread() +" "+ e.getMessage());
}
}
System.out.println("Convert "+Thread.currentThread()+" stoped at " + LocalDateTime.now());
});
convertThread.start();
System.out.println("Convert "+convertThread+" started at " + LocalDateTime.now());

}

public void startNotify() {
if (notifyThread != null) {
notifyThread.interrupt();
return;
}
notifyThread = new Thread(() -> {
while (notifyThread == Thread.currentThread()) {
System.out.println("Notify "+notifyThread + " running at " + LocalDateTime.now());
int sleep = doNotify();
try {
Thread.sleep(sleep*1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Notify "+Thread.currentThread() +" "+ e.getMessage());
}
}
System.out.println("Notify "+Thread.currentThread()+" stoped at " + LocalDateTime.now());
});
notifyThread.start();
System.out.println("Notify "+notifyThread+" started at " + LocalDateTime.now());
}

@PostConstruct
private void init() {
List<ConvertTask> tasks = convertTaskDao.findByStatus(ConvertTask.STATUS_START);
tasks.forEach(task -> {
queueTasks.add(task);
});
tasks = convertTaskDao.findByStatus(ConvertTask.STATUS_INITIAL);
tasks.forEach(task -> {
queueTasks.add(task);
});
tasks = convertTaskDao.findByStatus(ConvertTask.STATUS_FINISH);
tasks.forEach(task -> {
notifyTasks.add(task);
});
startConvert();
startNotify();
System.out.println(convertConfig);
}

@PreDestroy
public void stop() {
if (convertThread != null) {
convertThread.interrupt();
convertThread = null;
}
if (notifyThread != null) {
notifyThread.interrupt();
notifyThread = null;
}
}
}

ConvertTaskDao.java

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import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;

public interface ConvertTaskDao extends JpaRepository<ConvertTask, Integer>{
List<ConvertTask> findByStatus(@Param("status") Integer status);
}

ConvertTask实体类

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public class ConvertTask implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1418649194096365375L;
//状态常量
public static final Integer STATUS_IGNORE = -1;
public static final Integer STATUS_INITIAL = 0;
public static final Integer STATUS_START = 1;
public static final Integer STATUS_FINISH = 2;
public static final Integer STATUS_NOTIFIED = 3;

@Id
Integer id;
String name;
Instant createdAt;
Instant startAt;
Instant endAt;
Integer status = STATUS_INITIAL;
String src;//源文件
String out;//输出文件
String img;//缩略图
String ret;//转换结果
String notify;//通知结果
}

ConvertHelper.java

基于CmdHelper.java实现,见:https://www.zybuluo.com/TedZhou/note/1716823

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import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import org.apache.commons.exec.CommandLine;
import org.apache.pdfbox.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
import org.apache.pdfbox.rendering.PDFRenderer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class ConvertHelper {
static final String EXT_PDF = ".pdf";
static final String EXT_MP4 = ".mp4";
static final String EXT_AVI = ".avi";
static final String EXT_DOC_STR = ".doc,.docx,.ppt,.pptx,.xls,.xlsx,";// 文档后缀
static final String EXT_VIDEO_FFMPEG_STR = ".avi,.mpg,.wmv,.3gp,.mov,.asf,.asx,.flv,.f4v,.vob,.mkv,.ts,";// ffmpeg能解码的文件格式
static final String EXT_VIDEO_MENCODER_STR = ".wmv9,.rm,.rmvb,.mpeg,";// 需要先mencoder解码的文件格式。.mpeg无法直接截取图片,所以需要中转

@Autowired
ConvertConfig convertConfig;

public static String getExt(String filename) {
if (StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty(filename)) return "";
int pos = filename.lastIndexOf(".");
if (pos < 0) return "";
return filename.substring(pos).toLowerCase();
}

public static boolean isDoc(String ext) {
return EXT_DOC_STR.contains(ext + ',');
}

public static boolean isVideo(String ext) {
return EXT_VIDEO_FFMPEG_STR.contains(ext + ',') || needMEncoder(ext);
}

public static boolean needMEncoder(String ext) {
return EXT_VIDEO_MENCODER_STR.contains(ext + ',');
}

public CompletableFuture<ConvertTask> process(ConvertTask task) {
CompletableFuture<ConvertTask> cf = new CompletableFuture<>();
new Thread(() -> {
String srcFile = task.getSrc();
String dotExt = getExt(srcFile);
String outFile = null;
CmdHandler cmdHandler = null;
FileOutputStream logStream = null;
try {
File logFile = new File(convertConfig.getLog() + srcFile + ".log");
logStream = new FileOutputStream(logFile);
if (isDoc(dotExt)) {
outFile = srcFile + EXT_PDF;
cmdHandler = doc2pdf(convertConfig.getSrc() + srcFile, convertConfig.getOut() + outFile, logStream);
if (cmdHandler.getException() == null) {
if (pdf2png(convertConfig.getOut() + outFile, convertConfig.getOut() + task.getSrc() + ".png")) {
task.setImg(task.getSrc() + ".png");
}
}
} else if (isVideo(dotExt)) {
if (needMEncoder(dotExt)) {
outFile = srcFile + EXT_AVI;
cmdHandler = video2avi(convertConfig.getSrc() + srcFile, convertConfig.getOut() + outFile, logStream);
task.setRet(cmdHandler.resultString());
if (cmdHandler.getException() != null) {
cf.complete(task);
return;
}
srcFile = outFile;
}
cmdHandler = video2jpg(convertConfig.getSrc() + srcFile, convertConfig.getOut() + task.getSrc() + ".jpg", logStream);
if (cmdHandler.getException() == null) {
task.setImg(task.getSrc() + ".jpg");
}
outFile = task.getSrc() + EXT_MP4;
cmdHandler = video2mp4(convertConfig.getSrc() + srcFile, convertConfig.getOut() + outFile, logStream);
} else {
task.setRet("-1:unsupport");
cf.complete(task);
return;
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(logStream);
}

task.setOut(outFile);
task.setRet(cmdHandler.resultString());
if (cmdHandler.getException() != null) {
task.setOut(null);
}
cf.complete(task);
}).start();
return cf;
}

CmdHandler doc2pdf(String srcFile, String outFile, OutputStream cmdOut) {
CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(convertConfig.getUnoconv());
cmd.addArgument("-f");
cmd.addArgument("pdf");
cmd.addArgument("-o");
cmd.addArgument(outFile);
cmd.addArgument(srcFile);
return CmdHelper.run(cmd, cmdOut, 0);
}

boolean pdf2png(String srcFile, String outFile) {
try {
File file = new File(srcFile);
PDDocument doc;
doc = PDDocument.load(file);
PDFRenderer renderer = new PDFRenderer(doc);
BufferedImage image = renderer.renderImageWithDPI(1, 144); // Windows native DPI
BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(64, 64, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
tag.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, 64, 64, null);
ImageIO.write(tag, "PNG", new File(outFile));
return true;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
}
}

CmdHandler video2mp4(String srcFile, String outFile, OutputStream cmdOut) {
CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(convertConfig.getFfmpeg());
cmd.addArgument("-i");
cmd.addArgument(srcFile);
cmd.addArgument("-ar");
cmd.addArgument("22050");
cmd.addArgument("-vcodec");
cmd.addArgument("libx264");
cmd.addArgument("-q:v");
cmd.addArgument("6");
cmd.addArgument("-r");
cmd.addArgument("25");
cmd.addArgument("-flags");
cmd.addArgument("+loop");
cmd.addArgument("-crf");
cmd.addArgument("24");
cmd.addArgument("-bt");
cmd.addArgument("256k");
cmd.addArgument("-af");
cmd.addArgument("volume=2");
cmd.addArgument("-y");
cmd.addArgument(outFile);
return CmdHelper.run(cmd, cmdOut, 0);
}

CmdHandler video2jpg(String srcFile, String outFile, OutputStream cmdOut) {
CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(convertConfig.getFfmpeg());
cmd.addArgument("-i");
cmd.addArgument(srcFile);
cmd.addArgument("-f");
cmd.addArgument("image2");
cmd.addArgument("-ss");
cmd.addArgument("15");
cmd.addArgument("-t");
cmd.addArgument("0.001");
cmd.addArgument("-s");
cmd.addArgument("64x64");
cmd.addArgument("-y");
cmd.addArgument(outFile);
return CmdHelper.run(cmd, cmdOut, 0);
}

CmdHandler video2avi(String srcFile, String outFile, OutputStream cmdOut) {
CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(convertConfig.getMencoder());
cmd.addArgument(srcFile);
cmd.addArgument("-oac");
cmd.addArgument("mp3lame");
cmd.addArgument("-lameopts");
cmd.addArgument("preset=64");
cmd.addArgument("-ovc");
cmd.addArgument("xvid");
cmd.addArgument("-xvidencopts");
cmd.addArgument("bitrate=600");
cmd.addArgument("-of");
cmd.addArgument("avi");
cmd.addArgument("-o");
cmd.addArgument(outFile);
return CmdHelper.run(cmd, cmdOut, 0);
}
}

配置项

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convert.src=/mnt/file/upload/
convert.out=/mnt/file/download/
convert.log=/mnt/file/download/
convert.ffmpeg=/opt/ffmpeg/ffmpeg
convert.unoconv=/opt/libreoffice6.4/unoconv.py
convert.mencoder=/usr/bin/mencoder
convert.notify=http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/convert/notify
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@Data
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "convert")
public class ConvertConfig {
String src;
String out;
String log;
String ffmpeg;
String unoconv;
String mencoder;
String notify;
}

依赖

pom.xml

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-exec</artifactId>
<version>1.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.pdfbox</groupId>
<artifactId>pdfbox</artifactId>
<version>2.0.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>

ffmpeg && mencoder

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wget https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/rpmfusion-free-release-7.noarch.rpm
yum install epel-release
rpm -Uvh rpmfusion-free-release-7.noarch.rpm
wget https://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/builds/ffmpeg-git-amd64-static.tar.xz
yum install mencoder

libreoffice && unoconv

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https://www.libreoffice.org/donate/dl/rpm-x86_64/6.4.4/zh-CN/LibreOffice_6.4.4_Linux_x86-64_rpm.tar.gz
https://codeload.github.com/unoconv/unoconv/zip/0.8.2

简单实现Web页面元素拖放功能(Web Drag & Drop)

之前,想在浏览器中实现拖放似乎很困难,现在有了HTML5就简单了。下面实现一个例子:简单的拖拽排序。

拖放测试页面(DragDrop.html)

页面使用bootstrap展示几张图片(缩略图)
注:省略号部分表示你可以自己在div.row下复制更多个div.thumbnail

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Drag & Drop sample</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="thumbnail col-sm-6 col-md-4">
<img class="img-responsive" src="img1.png">
<div class="caption text-center"><h5>Image1</h5></div>
</div>
<div class="thumbnail col-sm-6 col-md-4">
<img class="img-responsive" src="img2.png">
<div class="caption text-center"><h5>Image2</h5></div>
</div>
<!-- ...... -->
</div>
</div>
<script src="http://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="DragDrop.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

拖放测试脚本(DragDrop.js)

注:脚本依赖的jquery已经在页面里引入。

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$(function(){
//拖拽的对象是这些缩略图
var dragable = '.thumbnail';
var $dragable = $(dragable);
//设置可拖拽属性
$dragable.attr('draggable', true);
//响应开始拖拽事件
$dragable.on('dragstart', setDragData);
//拖放的目标也是这些缩略图
var $dropable = $dragable;
//让目标允许拖放
$dropable.on('dragover', allowDrop);
//响应拖放事件
$dropable.on('drop', dropDragData);

//开始拖拽事件处理
function setDragData(e){
var $target = getDragable(e.target);
//传递被拖拽对象的位置索引
e.originalEvent.dataTransfer.setData("text",$target.index());
}

function allowDrop(e){
e.preventDefault();//这样就能允许拖放
}

//拖放事件处理:把被拖拽对象放到目标对象所在的位置,即实现拖拽排序。
function dropDragData(e){
e.preventDefault();//阻止默认的放置行为
var $target = getDragable(e.target);
var dragIdx = e.originalEvent.dataTransfer.getData("text");
if (dragIdx !== $target.index()){
var $draged = $(dragable).eq(dragIdx);
if ($draged.index() > $target.index()){
$target.before($draged);//向前拖:放在目标对象的前面
}else{
$target.after($draged);//向后拖:放在目标对象的后面
}
}
}
//获取可拖拽对象
function getDragable(dom){
var $dragable = $(dom);
if (!$dragable.is(dragable)){
//拖拽子元素时定位到父元素
$dragable = $dragable.closest(dragable);
}
return $dragable;
}
});

总结

上例的拖放效果在最新的ChromeIEQQ浏览器下测试了都很正常,但在FireFox下拖放图片会激活一个新的页签(有人说使用e.preventDefault()可以解决,但我试了没有效果)。

让table固定表头并冻结列的一种简单实现方法

标题已经说明需求,就不说废话了,直接上code;)

.html

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<!--把table放到div容器里。-->
<div class="table-container">
<table class="table-fixed">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="col-fixed">fixed0</th>
<th>column0</th>
...省略其它th...
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="col-fixed">fixed1</td>
<td>column1</td>
....省略其它td...
</tr>
....省略其它tr...
</tbody>
</table>
<div>

.css

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<style>
/*限制容器宽高并允许滚动*/
.table-container{
width:100%;
max-height:200px;
overflow:auto;
}
/*表头cell设为相对定位*/
.table-fixed>thead>tr>th{
position:relative;
z-index:100;
background-color:#eee;
}
/*冻结列设为相对定位*/
.table-fixed>tbody>tr>td.col-fixed{
position:relative;
background-color:#eee;
}
/*设置z-index避免被覆盖*/
.table-fixed>thead>tr>th.col-fixed{
z-index:110;
}
</style>

.js

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<script>
//需先引入jquery
$(function(){
var $table = $('.table-fixed');
var $topFixes = $table.find('thead>tr>th');
var $colFixes = $table.find('.col-fixed');
//容器滚动时,为实现fixed冻结效果:
//1、把表头cell的top设为scrollTop
//2、冻结列的left设为scrollLeft
$table.closest('.table-container').scroll(function(){
$topFixes.css('top',this.scrollTop);
$colFixes.css('left',this.scrollLeft);
});
});
</script>

##总结
相较于表头和内容分离的做法,这种实现方式不会出现对不齐的问题,而且比较简单(:不想写js的请忽略)

##已知问题

  1. 桌面Chrome下的效果最好,其他浏览器fixed内容有点闪烁。
  2. 移动端浏览器下的延迟比较严重,只能改为用多个table实现。
  3. 如果冻结列超出容器(.table-container)的范围,会导致水平滚动条滚不到头(无限滚动)。

Mongodb MapReduce 介绍、示例及特别说明

介绍

Map-Reduce是一种计算模型,简单的说就是将大批量的工作(数据)分解(MAP)执行,然后再将结果合并成最终结果(REDUCE)。
MongoDB提供的Map-Reduce非常灵活,可以高效的进行大规模数据的统计分析。

语法

格式一

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db.collection.mapReduce(
function() {emit(key,value)},//map 函数
function(key,values) {return reduced}, //reduce 函数
<collection>//out collection
)
//第三个参数也可以传入更多选项:
{
finalize: function(key, reduced){return finalized}
out: <collection>|{inline:true},
query: <document>,
sort: <document>,
limit: <number>,
}

格式二

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db.runCommand({
mapReduce: <collection>,
map: <function>,
reduce: <function>,
finalize: <function>,
out: <output>,
query: <document>,
sort: <document>,
limit: <number>,
scope: <document>,
jsMode: <boolean>,
verbose: <boolean>,
bypassDocumentValidation: <boolean>,
collation: <document>
})

示例

示例集合person存储各省市居民的姓名、性别等记录

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1.{
"name" : "姓名1",
"gender" : "男",
"city" : "城市a",
"province" : "省份A"
}
2.{
"name" : "姓名2",
"gender" : "女",
"city" : "城市b",
"province" : "省份B"
}
3...

现用mapReduce统计各省市人口性别比例:

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db.person.mapReduce(
function(){//map
var key = {province:this.province, city:this.city}
var value = {total: 1}
if (this.gender == '男'){
value.male = 1
}else if (this.gender == '女'){
value.female = 1
}else{
value.unknown = 1
}
emit(key, value)
},
function(key, values){//reduce
var value = {}//累计各性别的数量
values.forEach(function(item){
//item里可能是单个值,也可能已经是累计值
for (var k in item){
value[k] = (value[k]||0) + item[k]
}
})
return value//reduce返回值不支持数组,若需多值请用对象格式
},{
query:{},//指定过滤源数据的查询条件
sort:{province:1, city:1},//按key排序可减少reduce的次数,加快执行速度
finalize: function(key, rValue){
for (var k in rValue){
if (k !== 'total'){//数量转为比例
rValue[k] = rValue[k]/rValue.total
}
}
return rValue
},
out:{inline:true},
}
).find()

执行结果如下:

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[
{
"_id" : {
"province" : "省份A",
"city" : "城市a"
},
"value" : {
"total" : 40.0,
"male" : 0.425,
"female" : 0.575
}
},
{
"_id" : {
"province" : "省份A",
"city" : "城市b"
},
"value" : {
"total" : 1.0,
"male" : 1.0
}
},
{
"_id" : {
"province" : "省份A",
"city" : "城市c"
},
"value" : {
"total" : 150.0,
"male" : 0.526,
"female" : 0.473
}
},
...
]

特别说明

  1. 当key对应的value只有一组时不会触发reduce。所以,map函数emit的value值的格式最好和reduce函数return值一致,避免最终的结果不一致。
  2. 同一个key可能会触发多次reduce,即reduce接收的values中有些item元素可能是已经reduced的,累积时要考虑这种情况(即values包含直接emit的value,也包含reduce返回的value)。
  3. reduce返回值不支持数组,若需多值请用对象格式。
  4. 按key排序可以减少reduce的次数,提高处理效率。
  5. out可以指定输出到一个collection集合,但这样会导致写操作;指定为{inline:true}时mongodb会用runReadCommand代替runCommand——if inline output is specified, we need to apply readPreference on the command as it could be run on a secondary.

JS的“缺陷”

JS从诞生到现在已经二十几年了,在其演进中难免引入了一些bug,且积习难改。理解这些缺陷有助于避开那些新手陷阱。

typeof相关

Null和Undefined

他们都是基本类型,也都只对应一个常量值(分别是null和undefined)。

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//已知:
typeof undefined === 'undefined'
//你可能会以为:
typeof null === 'null'//但,不是这样
//真相是:
typeof null === 'object'//null是指空对象,空对象也是对象!

Object、Array、Function、RegExp、Date、Error、…

这些本质上都是对象类型。

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//已知:
typeof {} === 'object'
typeof function(){} === 'function'
//你可能会以为:
typeof [] === 'array'//但,不是这样的
//真相是:
typeof [] === 'object'//数组也是对象,基本类型外的除了函数都是对象。

typeof一览表

类型 Type typeof
布尔 Boolean true ‘boolean’
数值 Number 1 ‘number’
字符串 String ‘’ ‘string’
符号 Symbol Symbol() ‘symbol’
未定义 Undefined undefined ‘undefined’
空* Null null ‘object’
对象 Object {} ‘object’
下列都属于 对象的派生类型
数组 Array [] ‘object’
函数* Function function(){} ‘function’
Function class{} ‘function’

相等比较

宽松比较==

相等操作符比较两个值是否可能相等,即如果类型不同则进行可能的类型转换。

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0==''//true
0=='0'//true
0==false//true
[1,2]=='1,2'//true
null==undefined//true
!null && !undefined//true
//注意:null和undefined既不等于true也不等于false
null==true || null==false//false
undefined==true || undefined==false//false

严格比较===

全等操作符比较两个值是否严格相等,即要求类型一样,也要求值相同。

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null===null//true
undefined===undefined//true
null===undefined//false
0==='0'//false
0===-0//true
NaN===NaN//false?--这个比较有性格

同值相等Object.is()比较

Object.js()比较的结果同全等操作符,除了下面这两个相反:

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Objecct.is(NaN,NaN)//true
Objecct.is(0,-0)//false

A链接打开的新窗口无法显示内容?

通常,我们想要一个A链接跳转到新窗口的话,会这样写:

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<a href="http://www.zybuluo.com" target="_blank">link to a new window</a>

如果href的url需要动态的话,需要用到javascript,会改写成这样:

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<a href="javascript:openUrl();" target="_blank">link to a new window</a>

当然还需要额外的script定义openUrl()函数:

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function openUrl(){
var url = 'http://www.zybuluo.com';
window.open(url, '_blank');
}

似乎一切OK。——我是在chrome下测试的,确实没问题。
但发现,在IE和Firefox下试不行:新窗口无法显示内容。

原因是忽视了a标签里的target="_blank",去掉它就行了。

也就是说,借用A链接执行js的最好不要加target属性(虽然Chrome支持但其它浏览器不一定支持)。所以,还是在脚本里决定是否打开新窗口。

感想

  • 前端测试需顾及所有主流浏览器;
  • Chrome(google)的兼容性做得太好了:)